关于“贸易技术壁垒协议”（TBT）的由来、发展和影响

扼要阐述了贸易技术壁垒的内容，TBT产生的背景和主要原则及对出入境检验检疫的影响。     

对中国入世“经济增长危害论”的反思

中国加入WTO引发了一些对入世可能影响新世纪经济增长的悲观论调，我们认为关税减让的负面影响可由强化海关监管来减弱；对产业的冲击可能引发全局性结构调整；对农业的冲击可以由切实减轻农民负担来得以根本缓解；对金融业的冲击可通过加速公平税负和规范竞争环境来释放；对信息业的冲击可能带来行政垄断的终结，中国入世必然需要慎思谨行，但不宜悲观疑惧。     

Consequences of Economic Partnership Agreements between East and Southern African Countries and the EU for Inter- and Intra-regional Integration

Abstract

The European Union is currently negotiating Economic Partnership Agreements (EPAs) with six African, Caribbean and Pacific country groupings, aiming at establishing mutual free trade. This paper empirically assesses the impact of the EPAs on trade flows and government revenues for 22 East and Southern African countries and discusses implications for intra-regional integration. The results indicate that while moderate trade effects can be expected, relatively large budget effects are likely to occur in a number of these countries, exposing them to considerable structural and financial adjustment requirements. In addition, EPAs would strengthen the need to consolidate overlapping intra-regional integration schemes.     

WTO／TBT与国土资源标准化工作改革

本文简要介绍了技术壁垒协议和国土资源标准化工作的发展情况,就国土资源标准化工作中几个重要问题提出了五项建议.     

劳动合同法规运用要略——以上海管线工程企业贯彻劳动合同法规的实践为例

《劳动合同法》是一部构建和谐稳定劳动关系的重要法律。企业在劳动争议中是否处于主动地位取决于程序的合法性。企业应完善信息渠道，提高员工对规章制度的知晓度。     

CROSS‐COUNTRY TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER AND POLITICALLY DRIVEN INTERNATIONAL AGREEMENTS FOR ENVIRONMENTAL STANDARDS

Grossman and Helpman highlighted a political framework to internalize inefficiency incurred due to unilateral trade policy implementation by sovereign countries. This paper extensively adopts their framework to explore the effects of special interest politics on governments under negotiation to forge international environmental standards to control global emission. Particular attention is given to a case in which negotiation is driven by transferring the abatement technology. Within a specific factor model of international trade, improving the abatement efficiency through technology transfer can give the most mutually beneficial outcome, achieving the lowest level of global pollution compared to other political benchmarks.     

论统一的国际投资条约

随着全球经济一体化不断深入，国际直接投资已与国际贸易成为推动全球经济发展的两架马车。但与日益健全的WTO多边贸易体制相比，投资的法律制度建设相对滞后，至今未达成全面、综合的多边投资协议。在现今多层次、多方位的国际投资法制体系中，有必要总结现有探索成果和经验，探寻达成统一国际多边投资协定的有效路径。     

Spot and forward volatility in foreign exchange

This paper investigates the empirical relation between spot and forward implied volatility in foreign exchange. We formulate and test the forward volatility unbiasedness hypothesis, which may be viewed as the volatility analogue to the extensively researched hypothesis of unbiasedness in forward exchange rates. Using a new dataset of spot implied volatility quoted on over-the-counter currency options, we compute the forward implied volatility that corresponds to the delivery price of a forward contract on future spot implied volatility. This contract is known as a forward volatility agreement. We find strong evidence that forward implied volatility is a systematically biased predictor that overestimates movements in future spot implied volatility. This bias in forward volatility generates high economic value to an investor exploiting predictability in the returns to volatility speculation and indicates the presence of predictable volatility term premiums in foreign exchange.     

劳动者离职竞业禁止协议的法律效力分析——以经济补偿金的给付为视角

我国《劳动合同法》没有规定离职竞业禁止协议的效力标准,导致理论和实践中对经济补偿金与离职竞业禁止协议的效力关系存在争议,形成两种相反的观点:经济补偿金的支付是或者不是离职竞业禁止协议的生效要件。审视经济补偿金与离职竞业禁止协议的效力关系,应从合法性和合理性两个角度加以区分并在今后立法中予以完善:明确经济补偿金支付的必要性;规定经济补偿金支付的计算标准;赋予劳动者申请变更或者撤销离职竞业禁止协议的权利。     

Value-Added Tax （VAT） on Selected Financial Transactions

This paper deals with the approach to imposing value-added tax （VAT） on financial transactions. The VAT is a highly harmonized consumption tax within the European Union （EU）. VAT operational rules have been set down by the relevant directive of the Council of the EU. Under the directive, it is possible to select either exemption or taxation of financial transactions. Only the first option is permitted in the Czech Republic. Pros and cons of both models are described, in particular, the problems with determining the difference between financial transactions and other similar performance that must always be subject to tax. Potential lower VAT revenue or tax base assessment, as appropriate, seems to be crucial in the case of the taxation of financial transactions.